social insurance technology white PAPER
Religion and preferences for social insurance
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ABSTRACT In this paper we argue that religion and welfare state spending are substitute mechanisms that insure individuals against adverse life events. As a result, individuals who are religious are predicted to prefer lower levels of social insurance than will individuals who
Social insurance, incentives and risk taking
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From the perspective of parents, redistributive taxation can be seen as social insurance for their children, for which no private alternative exists. Because private insurance comes too late during a person's life, it cannot cover the same risks as social insurance. Empirically, ABSTRACT This paper begins by discussing the nature of and rationale for social insurance programs. I then consider three political principles and four economic principles that could guide the design and reform of social insurance programs. These ideas are then applied to ABSTRACT International economic integration increases exposure to external risk and intensifies domestic demands for social insurance through government programs. But international economic integration also reduces the ability of governments to respond to This paper studies the role of social insurance as a redistributive mechanism in presence of an optimal (linear or general) income tax. It considers a second-best setting with two unobservable individual characteristics: ability, measured by the wage rate and risk, Abstract We extend the familiar income taxation model la Mirrlees, so as to include income uncertainty, due for instance to a risk of illness. Following a line of research initiated by Blomqvist and Horn [1984] we prove that the existence of a Social Health Insurance system The topic of this Annual Lecture is "Social Insurance." I chose this subject for two reasons. First, it is that part of the Geneva Association's field of interest which is closest to my own concerns. I am in no senses an expert on the econom- ics of insurance; my field is that of social
Tamic-P: A system for NL access to social insurance databases
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The TAMIC-P project, which is funded by the European Union, provides access to heterogeneous database systems for social insurance information. The system uses a card- index metaphor to structure the interface and the presentation of information. Cards allow for We examine the factors leading to creation and growth ofnational Old-Age Insurance (OAI) and Health Insurance schemes. None of the theories we test fit the data very well. There isweak evidence that the probability of adopting a systemdeclines in a country's wealth and
A social insurance state withers away. Welfare state reforms in Germany or: attempts to turn around in a cul-de-sac
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Germany can be characterized as the social insurance state par excellence. In 2003, about 44 percent of the general government's outlays ran through the various social insurance schemes, and they disbursed roughly two thirds of total social expenditure (according to
Capital mobility, wage bargaining, and social insurance policies in an economic union
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In a two-country model with mobile capital we analyse decentralized social insurance policies. These policies are a compromise between the preferences of workers and capital owners. Due to wage bargaining, worker-based social insurance contributions are borne by
The historical and social base of social health insurance systems
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The cultural core of social health insurance (SHI) is deeply rooted in the societies which first spawned it. Germany is often considered to be the source of this approach to health insurance, as it was the first western European country to codify existing voluntary structures
An evaluation of social insurance savings accounts
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ABSTRACT Many countries have reformed, or plan to reform, their pension system, often replacing defined benefits with some sort of savings account. In recent years proposals have been made to apply personal savings accounts also to other elements of social insurance, In a two-country model the consequences of labour mobility on social insurance levels are studied. There are two groups of workers, one with a high risk and the other one with a low risk of being nonemployed. In both countries the decision-making function on social
Income risk and the benefits of social insurance: Evidence from Indonesia and the United States
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Social safety nets in developing countries are far smaller than in developed economies. In 1996, the average expenditure on social insurance as a fraction of GDP in countries with below-median per capita income was 6.8 percent; the corresponding figure in above-
Individual accounts as social insurance: A World Bank perspective
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The trend toward including individual accounts as part of the mandatory pension system continues unabated. Nine Latin American countries have introduced individual accounts (Chile, Peru, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay, Bolivia, Mexico, El Salvador and Nicaragua) Thus, the intention of using the efficiencies of risk pooling to subsidize care for the poor cannot be realized. Instead, introducing a new insurance fund diverts attention from the basic social debate over how much to tax wealthier people in order to subsidize basic care
Individual savings accounts for social insurance: rationale and alternative designs
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Abstract Using Danish data, we find that about three-fourths of the taxes levied to finance public transfers actually finance benefits that redistribute income over the life cycle of individual taxpayers rather than redistribute resources across people. This finding and
Social insurance and allied services
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W Beverid Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2000 SciELO Public Health 3. The first task of the Committee has been to attempt for the first time a comprehensive survey of the whole field of social insurance and allied services, to show just what provision is now made and how it is made for many different forms of need. The results of this survey
The political economy of rationing in social health insurance
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Due to the rapid progress in medical technology social insurance systems will soon no longer be able to grant health services without limits but must employ non-price rationing devices. This raises the question how these limits will be determined. Here we consider a
Social insurance with variable retirement and private saving
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Page 1. Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. Page 5. working paper department of economics SOCIAL INSURANCE WITH VARIABLE RETIREMENT AND PRIVATE SAVING PA Diamond and J. A. Mirrlees Number 296 2-82 50 memorial drive fambridge, mass. 021 39 Page 6. Page 7. SOCIAL
Improving the equity-efficiency trade-off: Mandatory savings accounts for social insurance
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In the modern welfare state a substantial part of an individual's tax bill is transferred back to the same individual taxpayer in the form of social transfers. This provides a rationale for financing part of social insurance through mandatory savings accounts. We analyze the Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands in order to reduce transaction costs of insurance for these services. There may be consensus on the validity of these arguments separately, but there is
Poverty alleviation versus social insurance systems: A comparison of lifetime redistribution
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Abstract Among other objectives, modern social security and taxation systems seek to redistribute income from those with high to those with low incomes and to reallocate income across the life cycle of individuals. While there are numerous studies of the extent to which Abstract This paper studies a specific type of moral hazard that arises in the interplay between two large public social insurance systems in Sweden, namely the sickness insurance (SI) and the unemployment insurance (UI). Moral hazard can arise from the
Estimating the impact of labor taxes on employment and the balances of the social insurance funds in Turkey
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Page 1. Estimating the Impact of Labor Taxes on Employment and the Balances of the Social Inter-American Development Bank Page 2. 2IntroductionLabor demand estimatesHLFS
Best practices in social insurance for migrant workers: The case of Sri Lanka
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The globalization of the labor market has by now become conventional wisdom. The increasing mobility of labor worldwide continues to fuel the debate on migration policy and migration reform even while national governments and various international organizations
Using social insurance data for the evaluation of active labour market policy: Employment effects of further training for the unemployed in Germany
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Abstract This paper evaluates employment effects of the most important type of further training for the unemployed in Germany the provision of specific professional skills based on participants starting treatment in 93 4 after different unemployment experiences. It is a This paper first discusses the standard reasons why private insurance cannot be expected to function well and why public intervention in or public provision of insurance can improve on private market outcomes. These arguments are based on efficiency but also on equity
Unemployment insurance, social assistance and activation policy in Sweden
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The labour force participation and employment rates in Sweden are on high levels compared to other European countries.target is set at a 70 percent overall employment in 2010. In Sweden the overall employment is almost 76 percent for the
21st Century Welfare Provision is more than the" social insurance state": A reply to Paul Pierson
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Summary This article reflects on the important lecture 'The Welfare State Over the Very Long Run', delivered by Paul Pierson, at the London School of Economics on 8 November 2010, on the occasion of the launch of Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State. Pierson's
Prevention and public health in social health insurance systems
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If asked to describe social health insurance (SHI), a perfectly reasonable response might be that it provides a mechanism by which an individual who falls ill can receive medical care, secure in the knowledge that the care will be paid for by a sickness fund to which he or she
Social insurance and conflict: evidence from India
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Abstract Can public interventions persistently reduce conflict This paper studies whether social insurance is effective in reducing conflict. Adverse income shocks have been empirically and theoretically identified as robust drivers of conflict. An effective social
Strategies for incorporating risk, uncertainty, and private insurance mechanisms in models of social insurance
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This chapter surveys strategies for incorporating various forms of risk and uncertainty into policy models used by the Social Security Administration (SSA). These strategies range from relatively simple modifications to existing microsimulation models that can be implemented
Constructing a European social model: The fight for social insurance in the interwar period
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There are two main ways of studying the construction of a European social model. Following the pioneering work of Hartmut Kaelble, one can try to highlight the progressive convergence of various national social policies from the ground up. 1 Another way, which
Social insurance for dental care in Iran: a developing scheme for a developing country
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Abstract Aims: This study aimed to describe the current situation with regard to dental care provided under social insurance in Iran in qualitative terms and to assess it critically with regard to equity and efficiency. Methods: After a thorough review of the relevant literature, a
Household Welfare, Precautionary Saving and Social Insurance Under Multiple Sources of Risk
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Abstract Vhis paper assesses the quantitative importance of a number of sources of income risk for household welfare and precautionary saving4 Vo that end L construct a lifecycle consumption model in which household income is subject to shocks associated with
Labor market and social insurance policy in India: A case of losing on both competitiveness and caring
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Background For much of the 50 years since India's independence, the Nehruvian vision set the tone of government policies for economic and social development. This vision combined, among other things, three elements:(a) A fascination with the Soviet model of heavy
National Social Insurance not the whole picture
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GS Lindquist, E WadensjStockholm: Regeringskansliet, 2006 elibrary.lt The public social insurance schemes are very important for people's security and are in the focus of debate on loss of income in the event of unemployment, illness, occupational injury, old age and parental leave. Regardless of whether discussions concern the incentive to
Chile's fiscal rule as social insurance
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Abstract We explore the role of fiscal policy over the business cycle from a normative perspective, for a government with a highly volatile and exogenous revenue source. Instead of resorting to Keynesian mechanisms, in our framework fiscal policy plays a role because Income contingent loans (ICL) have mainly been discussed in the context of the finance of education. But, in fact, they are equally relevant whenever there is a simultaneous need for smoothing across states of nature and over time. This chapter explores in detail one such In this paper we claim that enhanced economic integration can call for an increase in redistribution among workers. When individuals are risk averse and no human capital insurance is available, the share of workers who choose to invest in specific human capital
Unemployment, specialization, and collective preferences for social insurance
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The motivation of this paper rests on two facts. On the one hand, the average unemployment rate in Continental Europe is about twice as large as that of the US. Moreover, the duration of unemployment is substantially larger in Europe more than 50% of the unemployed in
Measures of Actuarial Balance for Social Insurance Programs
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MR. JOHN C. WlLKIN: Social Security consists of four programs. There is the Old-Age and Survivors Insurance(OASI) program, the Disability Insurance(DI) program, the Hospital Insurance(HI) program, and the Supplementary Medical Insurance(SMI) program. Each of
Social health insurance financing
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Funding access to health care through social health insurance has its origins in Germany in the nineteenth century. The earliest versions of health insurance developed without any significant government intervention. Industrialization brought with it the emergence of large
Social health insurance: a guidebook for planning
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Health insurance is one of several methods of health care financing. This chapter is concerned with the concepts and options health financing and puts health insurance in the broader context of health-services financing. The chapter briefly outlines health financing
Social insurance and the completion of the internal market
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Abstract With the completion of the internal market in the EU pressures may arise to diminish social insurance budgets. In a two-country model with an (imperfectly) integrated consumer goods market it is shown that competitive member states use the social insurance tax rate as
Rethinking social insurance in Egypt: An empirical study
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Abstract The focus of this paper is to empirically analyze the social insurance system (SIS) in Egypt. A first aspect is to estimate the determinants of the coverage among wage workers and nonwage workers. The second is to analyze the risk of underreporting insurable wages Abstract The essay analyzes in an overlapping-generations model, to which extent a pay-as- you-go pension system will be the outcome of majority voting, given specific institutional set- ups. Clearly, the vote of an active person depends on his expectations about how the
Reaching universal coverage via social health insurance: key design features in the transition period
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One can appreciate that achieving universal coverage may not be an easy process. Many countries that currently have a universal coverage system often needed decades to implement it. But if the choice is to take the path of SHI, several factors may be slowing down
Unemployment, specialization and collective preferences for social insurance
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Two facts are the driving motivation behind this chapter. On the one hand, the average unemployment rate in Continental Europe is about twice as large as that of the US. Moreover, the duration of unemployment is substantially larger in Europe; more than 50 per
Premium differentiation in social insurance
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Abstract Premium differentiation in disability insurance encourages employers to improve working conditions in order to combat disability. Furthermore, by introducing competition in disability insurance, the implementation and administration of the insurance becomes more
Community-based health insurance and social protection policy
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1. Health security and improvements in health outcomes are an integral part of the global commitment to poverty reduction. National poverty reduction strategies reflect this commitment. Efforts are underway in practically all developing countries to improve quality, This paper explores an under-researched motive for corporate social investment (CSI): that of insurance. Building on a paper by Godfrey (2005), we argue that social investment insures companies against stakeholder reactions to socially irresponsible acts. We offer
The role of private health insurance in social health insurance countries
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Private health insurance (PHI) serves three distinct functions in western European health systems (Timmer 1990; Schneider 1995; Wasem and Gre2002). 2 The first is as an alternative for mandatory (statutory) social health insurance (SHI) arrangements. In some
Social and private long term care insurance with variable altruism
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Abstract This paper studies the design of an optimal public scheme for long term care (LTC) in a setting where LTC services are also provided by the market and the family. Private insurance offers fixed reimbursement that is conditioned on the loss of autonomy but not on Abstract There are four basic models for health care systems: the private market insurance model, the national single-payer model, the national health service model, and the social insurance model. The social justice debate over health care usually focuses on the
Conceptualization and measurement of health for adults in the health insurance study: Vol. IV, Social health
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The Rand Health Insurance Study, funded by a grant from the US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, is a social experiment being conducted in six sites across the United States to investigate the effects of different health care nancing arrangements Two major social insurance efforts in the United States are the workers' compensation system for job risks and the product liability system for product injuries. Although one program is an administrative compensation system structure, and the other operates through
Social health insurance in perspective: the challenge of sustaining stability
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The concept of social health insurance (SHI) is deeply ingrained in the fabric of health care systems in western Europe. It provides the organizing principle and a preponderance of the funding in seven countries Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, the
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