The Eucalyptus Open source Cloud computing System



Cloud computing systems fundamentally provide access to large pools of data and computational resources through a variety of interfaces similar in spirit to existing grid and HPC resource management and programming systems. These types of systems offer a new programming target for scalable application developers and have gained popularity over the past few years. However, most cloud computing systems in operation today are proprietary, rely upon infrastructure that is invisible to the research community, or are not explicitly designed to be instrumented and modified by systems researchers. In this work, we present EUCALYPTUS – an opensource software framework for cloud computing that implements what is commonly referred to as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS); systems that give users the ability to run and control entire virtual machine instances deployed across a variety physical resources. We outline the basic principles of the EUCALYPTUS design, detail important operational aspects of the system, and discuss architectural trade-offs that we have made in order to allow Eucalyptus to be portable, modular and simple to use on infrastructure commonly found within academic settings. Finally, we provide evidence that EUCALYPTUS enables users familiar with existing Grid and HPC systems to explore new cloud computing functionality while maintaining access to existing, familiar application development software and Grid middle-ware.

There are many ways in which computational power and data storage facilities are provided to users, ranging from a user accessing a single laptop to the allocation of thousands of compute nodes distributed around the world. Users generally locate resources based on a variety of characteristics, including the hardware architecture, memory and storage capacity, network connectivity and, occasionally, geographic location. Usually this resource location process involves a mix of resource availability, application performance profiling, software service requirements, and administrative connections. While great strides have been made in the HPC and Grid Computing communities toward the creation of resource provisioning standards this process remains somewhat cumbersome for a user with complex resource requirements. For example, a user that requires a large number of computational resources might have to contact several
different resource providers in order to satisfy her requirements. When the pool of resources is finally delivered, it is often heterogeneous, making the task of performance profiling and efficient use of the resources diffi-
cult. While some users have the expertise required to exploit resource heterogeneity, many prefer an environment
where resource hardware, software stacks, and programming environments are uniform. Such uniformity makes
the task of large-scale application development and deployment more accessible.
Recently, a number of systems have arisen that attempt to convert what is essentially a manual large-scale
resource provisioning and programming problem into a
more abstract notion commonly referred to as elastic, utility, or cloud computing (we use the term “cloud computing” to refer to these systems in the remainder of this
work). As the number and scale of cloud-computing systems continues to grow, significant study is required to determine directions we can pursue toward the goal of making future cloud computing platforms successful. Currently, most existing cloud-computing offerings are either
proprietary or depend on software that is not amenable
to experimentation or instrumentation. Researchers interested in pursuing cloud-computing infrastructure questions have few tools with which to work.

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