Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems
Private Coins versus Public Coins in Zero-Knowledge Proof Systems
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Abstract. Goldreich-Krawczyk (Siam J of Comp’96) showed that only languages in BPP have
constant-round public-coin black-box zero-know- ledge protocols. We extend their lower bound
to “fully black-box” private- coin protocols based on one-way functions. More precisely,