clinical research
Foundations of clinical research : applications to practice
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AT 5050: Advanced Practice: Heat Illness Title: Preventing Sudden Death in Sport and Physical Activity Author : Casa, Doug ISBN 13: 9780763785543 Edition: Publisher: Jones Bartlett AT 5060: Introduction to Clinical Outcomes Research Title: Outcome Measurement
The ethics of clinical research in the Third World
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An essential ethical condition for a randomized clinical trial comparing two treatments for a disease is that there be no good reason for thinking one is better than the other.[ 2] Usually, investigators hope and even expect that the new treatment will be better, but there
Ethical and scientific implications of the globalization of clinical research
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Copyright 2009 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. Downloaded from www. nejm. org on September 1 2009. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. n engl j med 360; 8 nejm. org february 1 2009 817 sounding Board cost to
Cause of death in clinical research : time for a reassessment
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Because coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death in the industrialized world (1), many clinical investigations of purported cardiac risk factors and new treatments focus on death as a primary end point. It is intuitively appealing to attempt to better understand the
The randomized registry trial–the next disruptive technology in clinical research
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The randomized trial is one of the most powerful tools clinical researchers possess, a tool that enables them to evaluate the effectiveness of new (or established) therapies while accounting for the effects of unmeasured confounders and selection bias by indication
Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research .
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JS Jurenka Alternative medicine review 69.164.208.4 Curcuma¡ onga (turmeric) has a long history of use in Ayurvedic medicine as a treatment for Inflammatory conditions. Turmeric constituents include the three curcuminoids: curcumin (diferuloylmethane; the primary constituent and the one responsible for its vibrant yellow
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an agenda for clinical research
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Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a clinico-pathologic condition often seen in obese, diabetic women in the absence of significant alcohol use (20 g/d for women and 30 g/d for men) and hepatic histology consistent with alcoholic hepatitis. 1-5 NASH is part of a largerElectronic health records (EHRs) provide opportunities to enhance patient care, embed performance measures in clinical practice, and facilitate clinical research . Concerns have been raised about the increasing recruitment challenges in trials, burdensome and obtrusive
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathologic patterns and biopsy evaluation in clinical research
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results in histologically complex specific and nonspecific injury patterns. In clinical research of NAFLD, the liver biopsy evaluation provides a wealth of information on the architectural arrangement and severity of a variety of
From clinical research to secondary prevention: International collaboration in the development of the Alcohol Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
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In 1982 the World Health Organization (WHO) asked an international group of investigators to develop a simple screening instrument to identify persons who are at risk of developing alcohol problems, using procedures that are suitable for use by health workers in both
Alport syndrome insights from basic and clinical research
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Abstract In 192 Arthur C. Alport first published his description of a triad of symptoms in a family with hereditary congenital haemorrhagic nephritis, deafness and ocular changes. A few years after his death, this group of symptoms was renamed Alport syndrome. To this day The collection of clinical data concerning bowel habit is always empirical. A more extended use of visual descriptive stool form scales could contribute to a clearer and more standardized reporting of data about bowel function. This could be helpful for both clinical
Recent advances in clinical research involving carotenoids
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Epidemiological studies show consistent decreased risk of lung cancer and certain other cancers, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and coronary heart disease in populations with the highest intakes of carotenoid-rich diets. Intervention studies show
What are the implications of optimism bias in clinical research
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Two decades ago, Peter Gøtzsche drew attention to the issue of citation bias: studies of new treatments are more likely to cite previous studies reporting positive results than equally valid studies with disappointing results. 1 John Ioannidis2 has recently provided compellingThe purpose of this review is to describe the statistical methods available to determine sample size and power analysis in clinical trials. The information was obtained from standard textbooks and personal experience. Equations are provided for the calculations
Clinical research and the NIH-A report card
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In 199 Harold E. Varmus, who was then the director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), convened the NIH Directors Panel on Clinical Research . The panel was charged with making recommendations to foster the NIHs support of clinical research a field that was
Electronic medical records for clinical research : application to the identification of heart failure
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The electronic medical record (EMR) is increasingly used in healthcare.1 Its clinical goals include streamlining clinical practice and improving patient safety. In addition to improving practice, the EMR offers promising methods for identification of potential study participants, which is essential
Essentials of clinical research
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ISBN 978-3-319-05469-8 ISBN 978-3-319-05470-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-05470-
Injury to research volunteers-the clinical research nightmare
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PERSPECTIVE n engl j med 354; 18 www. nejm. org 2006 1870 to produce any effect in humans. Doses are then increased slowly, as the experience at lower doses is continually evaluated. Lifethreatening toxic effects in a phase 1 trial, such as those seen in
From clinical research to clinical practice: a 4-year review of ziprasidone
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This clinical information monograph is supported by Pfizer, Inc. Support of this monograph does not imply the commercial supporters agreement with the views expressed herein. Although every effort has been made to ensure that the information is presented accurately in this
European Clinical Research Infrastructures Network: promoting harmonisation and quality in European clinical research
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Health and legislative systems in Europe fragment clinical research and dampen its competitiveness, reducing the capacity to enrol patients in clinical studies, increasing the costs of clinical research and hampering scientific productivity. 2 For academic
Interactive voice response systems in clinical research and treatment
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F rom Bells first cry to Watson for assistance to the many crisis help-lines currently available, tele-phones have been serving people in need. Interactive voice response (IVR) systems, a rapidly expanding technology for automated acquisition and dispersal of information
The design and assessment of questionnaires in clinical research
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Questionnaires are one of the most commonly used tools for data collection in clinical research . Despite its simplicity and convenience of use, the design of questionnaire instruments that accurately measure health status and their determinants is nevertheless a
Biomarkers of acute kidney injury in anesthesia, intensive care and major surgery: from the bench to clinical research to clinical practice
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after major surgery and reportedly occurs in approximately 36% of ICU patients (RIFLE Risk/Injury/Failure categories). It is associated with increased mortality, greater cost, and prolonged Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and hospital
Looking beyond translation integrating clinical research with medical practice
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One area of amazing recent medical advances has been childhood cancers, for which survival rates have quadrupled over the past four decades and now exceed 80%. This progress has been driven not only by the introduction of novel therapies but also by the
The use of stable isotopes for diagnosis and clinical research
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Stable, non-radioactive isotopes, so long overshadowed by radionuclides, have recently become much more widely used in clinical science. This renewed interest has been stimulated by improvements both in the increased availability and diversity of stable
Human papillomavirus and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: implications for clinical research in head and neck cancers
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Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas are etiologically heterogeneous, with one subset attributable primarily to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and another to alcohol and tobacco use. These subsets are clinically and molecularly distinct, and these distinctions
Equipoise lost: ethics, costs, and the regulation of cancer clinical research
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Cancer is the leading cause of death in Americans younger than 85 years of age and kills one American every 56 seconds. Advances in understanding of cancer biology have given us the potential to develop new, effective targeted therapies. However, progress is slowed
Advances in clinical research methodology for pain clinical trials
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Pain is a ubiquitous phenomenon, but the experience of pain varies considerably from person to person. Advances in understanding of the growing number of pathophysiologic mechanisms that underlie the generation of pain and the influence of the brain on the
Clinical research 3: sample selection
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This paper addresses two key principles of sampling: adequacy (the number of participants) and appropriateness (the characteristics of the participants). The research aims and design will determine whether you need a statistically based or saturation based sample size
Clinical research in OA–the NIH Osteoarthritis Initiative
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Scientific and clinical experts in the field of osteoarthritis currently perceive that the lack of discreet indicators of dis- ease progression that are acceptable to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as clinical endpoints is a major obstacle to the ability to diagnose, monitor, and treat this
Recommendations for incorporating patient-reported outcomes into clinical comparative effectiveness research in adult oncology
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Examining the patients subjective experience in prospective clinical comparative effectiveness research (CER) of oncology treatments or process interventions is essential for informing decision making. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are the standard
Prediction of suicidal behavior in clinical research by lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior ascertained by the electronic Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating
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Objective: To evaluate whether lifetime suicidal ideation with intention to act and/or suicidal behaviors reported at baseline predict risk of prospectively reporting suicidal behavior during subsequent study participation. Method: Data from studies using the electronic
Review of the concept of quality of life assessment and discussion of the present trend in clinical research .
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(HRQoL) assessment are interchangeably adopted to articles in 1985 and 0.76% in 1994. A more qualitative describe an evaluative process in which the instruments review of the nature of the articles identified shows only concern about the effects that a disease
The five myths of MMN: redefining how to use MMN in basic and clinical research
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The goal of this review article is to redefine what the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of event-related potentials reflects in auditory scene analysis, and to provide an overview of how the MMN serves as a valuable tool in Cognitive Neuroscience research . In doing so
Moving from compliance to competency: a harmonized core competency framework for the clinical research professional
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Medicines development and clinical research are among the most heavily regulated activities on a global basis. As our understanding of pathophysiology and therapeutic intervention has increased, there has been a concomitant increase in the complexity of
Science, not scientism: The robustness of naturalistic clinical research
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Naturalistic clinical research has been denigrated as inferior science by those who espouse scientisrn, the belief that the experimental group design or its approximation in single- subject research represents the method of choice in the human sciences (Bhaskar 1989)
Advances in homeopathy and immunology: a review of clinical research
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1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Infections of the upper airways and otorhinolaryngologic diseases 3.1. Individualised homeopathy 3.2. Ailment-specific homeopathic remedies and complexes 4. Allergic conditions 4.1. Individualised homeopathy 4.2. Ailment-specific homeopathic remedies
Why are we doing so little clinical research Part 1: Clinical descriptive research .
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Classifying. Classification is central to all clinical disciplines. In family practice we must be aware of the limitations and contradictions involved when we place unique individuals into categories. Yet it is taxonomic research validated by long-term studies of outcome, that
Effects of disclosing financial interests on attitudes toward clinical research
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Background The effects of disclosing financial interests to potential research participants are not well understood. Objective To examine the effects of financial interest disclosures on potential research participants attitudes toward clinical research . Design and Participants