microstrip antenna IEEE PAPER 2016





Simulation of ultra-wideband co-planar boat microstrip patch antenna with IE3D software for wireless communication
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Use of conventional microstrip antennas is limited because of their poor gain, low bandwidth and polarization purity. There has been a lot of research in the past decade in this area. These techniques include use of cross slots and sorting pins, increasing the thickness of

Microstrip Antenna Design with Parallel Rectangular Open Slots Structure for Multiband Operation
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Abstract-The proposed antenna design consists of three parallel rectangular open slots (PROSs), etched on the ground plate of the microstrip antennas which can be used for multi- band applications. By employing the trial and error method to optimize the size and

Design and Simulation of EU Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for Broadband Applications
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Abstract: The main factors effecting design of antenna are low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies. All these factors can be satisfied by Microstrip patch antenna. The paper

Hexagonal Shaped Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna
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Abstract: In this paper author propose a design of L shaped slotted Hexagonal microstrip patch antenna. The unslotted hexagonal patch antenna is analyzed and it was found that it is a single band antenna. By making slot in the patch, dual band response of antenna is

A simple design of broadband higher frequency microstrip patch antenna for K band application
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Abstract-This paper presents a simple design of crossed taper shaped higher frequency antenna which can be used in K band. The proposed antenna design is simulated by computer simulation technology microwave studio simulator. The goal of this paper is to

Horse-Shoe ShapedStacked Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN, WiMAX and IMT Applications
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Abstract. This paper illustrates the design and performance analysis of proposed stacked horse-shoe shaped micro strip patch antenna. In the proposed stacked antenna design, a rigid substrate having thickness 1.57 mm and flexible substrate having thickness 0.2 mm

Hexagonal Shaped Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna
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Abstract: In this paper hexagonal shaped reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna is present. RF MEMS switches are used to change the radiating length of the antenna. Thus by making RF MEMS switches ON or OFF the antenna reconfigured to different frequencies.

Design and Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Global WLAN Applications Using Matlab and CST Microstudio Software
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Abstract: In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequency. This technological trend

A Linearly Polarized Coaxial Feeding Dual Band Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applications
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Abstract A dual band linearly polarized micro-strip antenna is designed and simulated to obtain electronic circuit miniaturization of an antenna in high speed wireless local area networks (IEEE 802.11 a standard). The proposed antenna contains a substrate layer (FR-

Multi-band Annular Ring Microstrip Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for Wireless Communication
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ABSTRACT An annular ring microstrip antenna (ARMSA) with a defected ground structure for multi-band operation is being proposed. Defected ground structure is produced by integrating a circular slot in the ground plane having different centre with the annular ring

Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMax applications
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Abstract. In this paper a compact Rectangular Micro-strip Patch Antenna (RMPA) with single feed is presented. Resonant frequency of proposed antenna is shifted toward lower side by introducing rectangular slot at the upper edge of patch. FR4 substrate having with

Novel Multi Band Circular Microstrip Antenna with DGS For X-Band Applications
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Abstract The paper presents a novel design of a circular patch antenna with a Defected Ground Structure (DGS) for multi band operations in the X-band frequency range. The antenna is fed with coaxial probe. A comparative study of antenna without DGS and with

Design and Analysis of Miniaturized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Electromagnetic Band GAP Structures
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ABSTRACT Modern telecommunication system requires antennas with wider bandwidth and smaller dimensions than conventional antennas. Operators are looking for systems that can perform over several frequency bands. This has initiated antenna research in various

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF AN IRREGULAR DIAMOND EDGE SLOTTED MICROSTRIP PATCHANTENNA AT 1.6 GHz FOR WLAN
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Abstract-In this paper, we designed an Irregular diamond shape slotted patch antenna for L band application. Antenna design for L band and WLAN because of antenna has broadband, we uses the dielectric substrate GLASS EPOXY, and having the substrate

Microstrip Antenna Design with Circular Polarization Property for RF Energy Harvesting application
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Abstract this paper presents a microstrip stacked antenna design at 2. 45 GHz embedded with defected ground structure (DGS) to achieve a dual circular polarization property. The proposed design is simulated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Studio Suite

Analysis and Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Using HFSS
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Abstract–The efficiency of a method of moments procedure for microstrip antennas is strongly dependent on the convergence of the Inverse Fourier Transformation (IFT) from the spectral to the spatial domain. In the cylindrical case, the calculation of the

CONVEX EDGE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
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Abstract: In this paper, novel Compact Ultra Wideband (UWB) antennas are proposed. It consisted of rectangular shaped patch of Lx= 15 mm by Ly= 14.5 mm dimensions with two circled convex and four circled profiles into its two corners. All simulated and measured

Numerical Analysis of Slot Position of Rectangular U Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna
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Abstract The main focus of this paper is to study and analyze how the performance of rectangular U slot antenna is affected by the variation of U slot position. The work presented herein is a simulation based study. Experimentally, it has been revealed that variations in

UI SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S BAND APPLICATIONS
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In this paper UI slotted microstripantenna design at resonant frequency of 2.95GHz. FR4 epoxy material is used for substrate of proposed antenna (Dielectric Constant-4.4).The size of substrate is same as the size of ground of desigened microstripantenna.

Study and Investigation of Complementary Split Ring Resonators (CSRR) Metamaterials and Its Application in Microstrip Antenna Design
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Abstract Metamaterials represent a new paradigm in electromagnetic science and technology. They have already leaded to many unprecedented microwave applications. This paper will present an investigation on metamaterial antenna based on Complementary

Edge Truncated Suspended Rectangular Microstrip Antenna
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ABSTRACT: In this paper a design and development of Edge Truncated Suspended Rectangular Microstrip Antenna (ETSRMSA) is presented. Here micro-strip patch antenna is designed to improve the bandwidth by edge truncating technique. The micro-strip patch

High Gain Microstrip Antenna with Left-Handed Materials
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Abstract This paper presents design and analysis of a novel S-shaped left-handed material based on the equivalent circuit theory. The effective permittivity and effective permeability of the novel S-shaped left-handed material are both negative in the range from 5GHz to

Performance Improvement of U-Slot Microstrip Patch Antenna for RF Portable Devices using Electromagnetic Band Gap and Defected Ground Structure
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Abstract This paper presents a microstrip patch antenna incorporated with electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure on substrate and defected ground structure (DGS) in the ground plane. Electromagnetic Band Gap materials are artificially engineered structures that

EFFECTS OF AN EPOXY-RESIN-FIBER SUBSTRATE FOR A W-SHAPED MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
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A W-shaped microstrip antenna using an epoxy-resin-fibre substrate is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a circular slot and two rectangular slots printed on a dielectric resin-fibre substrate and is excited by a 50-W microstrip transmission line. A commercially

Efficiency and Bandwidth Improvement Using Metamaterial of Microstrip Patch Antenna
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Abstract-This paper discusses efficiency and bandwidth improvement of microstrip patch antenna using metamaterial. A patch antenna is designed and simulated for 2.4 GHz. Substrate is used for this purpose is FR4 glass epoxy with dielectric constant of 4.4,

Reflection and dielectric measurement for salinity of water using microstrip loop antennaand dielectric probe
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ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of loop antenna in gauging level of salinity of water via electromagnetic wave reflection. High salinity cause adverse effect to environment. When high levels salinity of water diffuse into soil, it

Analysis of an Elliptical Edge-Feed Microstrip Patch Antenna simulated at 800 MHz
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ABSTRACT In this paper the Elliptical Edge feed patch MPA (EE-MPA) has been synthesized and analyzed. It consists of a rotated elliptical patch which is feed by a microstrip line on a dielectric substrate. It has the advantage of using a single microstrip

ANALYSIS OF MOISTURE SENSOR BASED ON MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA: A REVIEW
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Abstract The paper summarize that moisture sensor based on microstrip patch antenna. Microstrip patch sensors have become useful and widely used in every fields such as agricultures, industrials, food products, medicals communication etc. It have been more

Dual-Band Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Application
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ABSTRACT The antenna is very essential element of communication as it is used for a transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. Today Communication devices such as mobile phones become very thin and smarter, support several applications and higher

Design and Optimization of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Array Antenna Using Frequency Selective Surfaces for 60 GHz
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Abstract Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPAs) are mostly known for their versatility in terms of possible geometries that makes them applicable for many different situations. The lightweight construction and the suitability for integration with microwave integrated

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF BROADBAND MODIFIED CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP PATCHANTENNA.
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An antenna is defined as a transducer that transmits and receives transmits electromagnetic waves. so antenna is referred as directional also probing device. For space borne application the primarily and popularly used antennas are the Micro strip patch antennas.

A NEW LOW-COST MICROSTRIP ANTENNA ARRAY FOR 60 GHZ APPLICATIONS
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In this thesis, the design, fabrication, and characterization of a 2× 8 microstrip planar antenna array operating at the 60 GHz band for Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig) applications are presented. The trade-offs among low production costs, performance, and

DUAL I AND F SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MULTIBAND APPLICATION
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International Journal O Recent Scientif Researc ISS Volume: Gagandeep Kaur a OT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR PLICATIONISSN: 0976-3031 Review Article DUAL I AND F SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR MULTIBAND APPLICATION

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF MINIATURIZED UWB MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
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Abstract-This paper presents to design and analysis of double E-shaped microstrip patch antenna with UWB operating frequency range for wireless applications. In order to make the proposed double E-shape microstrip patch antenna by introducing the slots on both sides

Improved Performance of Sierpinski Carpet Based Mushroom Shaped Fractal Microstrip Antenna with DGS
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Abstract: The combination of electromagnetic theory and fractal geometry has led to many innovative and useful antenna designs. Sierpinski Carpet fractal technique has been applied on the patch antenna with a square patch of 25× 25mm2. Co-axial feed has been

Frequency Reconfigurable High-Q Microstrip Antenna for 4G Applications
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Abstract The proposed antenna is designed for the 4G network can operate in multiple bands of frequency by modifying its frequency and radiation properties in a controlled and reversible manner. A High-Q antenna is used for fine tuning and also implies a lower

DESIGN AND ANALYSING OF COMPACT MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE FOR UWB APPLICATION
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Abstract In this paper a small size microstrip antenna with DGS (Defected ground structure) is designed and analyzed for UWB (Ultra Wide Band) application. This antenna cover the complete frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with a very small geometry as compared to a

Bandwidth Enhancement of a Microstrip Patch Antenna using Suitable Feed Line Dimension.
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Abstract:Microstrip antenna suffer from narrow bandwidth. The dimension of the microstrip feed line is important in proper impedance matching. A good matching will lead to an enhancement of the bandwidth and return loss. Present study demonstrates the

Microstrip Antenna with Wideband Circularly Polarization
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Abstract A novel planar microstrip-fed antenna with wideband circularly polarization (CP) is presented. By using a novel dipole structure, wideband circularly polarization is created. The simulated results of the proposed antenna are demonstrated to explain the operating

Effect of Corner Truncation on Microstrip Feed Rectangular Patch Antenna
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Abstract-In this paper mode study of microstrip feed rectangular patch antenna is carried out. It was observed that TM10, TM20, TM30, TM02 and TM12 modes were presented. Spurious mode was also found because of microstrip line. It was observed that truncation from the

Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna For WiMAX and WLAN Application: A Review
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Abstract:A Microstrip patch antenna has become a popular in research area. In which dual band and multiband have more advantage and better prospects in Wireless communication system. There are two important standards Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and

Multiband Microstrip Antenna for Bluetooth, UWB, X-band and Ku band Applications
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Abstract–A compact microstrip feed multiband monopole antenna for Bluetooth (2.4-2.48 GHz), Ultra Wide Band (UWB)(3.1-10.6 GHz), X-band (8-12 GHz) and Ku band (12-18 GHz) applications is suggested. The basic antenna structure consists of a rectangular patch with

Dual Band Microstrip Antenna for Mobile Hand Set
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Abstract: This paper describes the analysis and design of a class of slotted rectangular microstrip antennas for dual band operations. Slots are cut to tune the patch at suitable dual frequency operations.. The simulation and modeling of these configurations have been

Design and Analysis of Miniaturized Reconfigurable Multifunction Microstrip Array Antennafor Communication and Radar Applications
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Abstract:The reconfigurability may be required in operating frequency, radiation pattern and/or polarization of the antenna. Application areas that drive the development of reconfigurable antennas include multifunction wireless devices, WLAN, multiple-input

A Review Paper on Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna
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Abstract:In this paper description of microstrip patch antenna is presented, along with the use of circular polarization and cavity to improve basic antenna characteristics. To achieve polarization matching between transmitting and receiving antenna use of circularly

MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA USING UWB FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION DEVICES
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ABSTRACT As per Microstrip Patch antenna (MPA) provide low profile and low volume, so it is use in a now a days communication devices. In this paper study of past few year shows targeted on planning compact sized microstrip antenna. A

Analysis and Comparative Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna on Different Substrate Materials
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Abstract:This paper discusses the performance of various dielectric substrates, having dielectric constants ranging from 2 to 5.. These designs are basically rectangular micro strip patch antennas for wireless communication resonating at 2.4 GHz. Substrate is used for

Design of Slotted Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna Operated in ISM Band using RT-Duroid Substrate
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Abstract:Most of the mobile and wireless embedded application requires an efficient antenna for embedded communication. In such cases a microstrip patch antenna is the best one because of its better physical properties. In this paper design of slotted rectangular

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF MICROSTRIP CIRCULAR PATCH ANTENNA FOR MULTIBAND APPLICATIONS
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ABSTRACT In this paper, a design of Microstrip circular Patch Antenna for multiband applications is proposed. This single design of Microstrip antenna operates at different frequencies like 3 GHz [S-band], 5.6 and 6.7 GHz [C-band], 8 GHz, 9.4 GHz [X-band], 12.1

Microstrip Antenna Design Using Transmission Line Model in Hexagonal shape with Probe Feed
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Abstract:Microstrip antennas generally prefer to printed antennas used for narrowband range at ultra-high frequencies and microwave communication. There are generally three basic methods of design microstrip antenna whose names are transmission line, cavity

DESIGN BROADBAND REFLECTARRAY USING E-SHAPED SLOT CIRCULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
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ABSTRACT:-In this work, a circular E-shaped slot microstrip patch element is investigated to design a reflectarray. The E-shaped slot dimensions are varied to study, reflection properties of the patch antenna. It is discovered that the reflection properties and phase range of the

Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with I-shaped DGS for Satellite Communication
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Abstract:The paper presents the designs of s-band antenna for communication at 4Ghz. One of the antenna is Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (RMPA) and another antenna is Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna with I shaped DGS, basic property of the antenna

Analysis of Stub Loaded Half U-Slot and Rectangular Slot Cut Multi-Band RectangularMicrostrip Antenna
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ABSTRACT A microstrip antenna produces a multiband response due to various modifications done to the patch. These modifications include adding multiple stubs on the patch, or cutting multiple slots on the patch or using combination of stubs and slots. In this

REVIEW OF VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AVAILABLE TO MODIFY PARAMETERS OF MICROSTRIPPATCH ANTENNA
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Abstract–In this review paper, author have shown comparison of various techniques available to modify the parameters of microstrip patch antenna. MPA is generally used in modern communication devices. Study of literature of past few year shows that, the

A Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna for RFID and WLAN Applications
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Abstract–This paper presents the design and simulation results of a very compact microstrip patch antenna for Radio Frequency Identification (5.8 GHz) and WLAN (5.12 GHz) applications. The proposed antenna has been designed and simulated using Fire

Design, Fabrication and Analysis of Stacked Microstrip Yagi Antenna for Wi-Fi Applications
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Abstract:This paper presents design and performance analysis of the stacked microstrip Yagi antenna. The proposed antenna design employs four substrates of FR4 material, each having a thickness of 1.62 mm and dielectric constant () of 4.4. In proposed antenna

Sierpinski Carpet Based Mushroom Shape Fractal Microstrip Antenna
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Abstract: Microstrip antenna is the most basic types of antenna which is used now days. The reduced weight and flat profile of these antennas as compared to the parabolic reflector antennas make it attractive for a number of applications. These antennas are less bulky

Corner Truncated Microstrip Fed Wide Band Patch Antenna
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Abstract-Microstrip feed rectangular patch antenna was designed with partial ground plane. Partial ground plane acted as impedance matching element that reduced the quality factor of antenna and inductive nature of antenna. Partial ground also improved the impedance

Symmetric C-shaped Slot loaded Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna
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Abstract:Antenna is one such device, which acts as both sensor and transducer that converts free space waves into electrical signal and vice versa. Among them Microstrip antennas are becoming increasingly useful as they can be printed directly onto a circuit

Double U Slotted Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna For GPS Applications
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Abstract:A double U slot microstrip rectangular patch antenna with truncated corners is demonstrated in this paper. The antenna has been designed with FR4 substrate material whose dielectric constant is 4.4 with defected ground plane using coaxial probe feed. Two

Design of Truncated Corner Circularly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Antenna
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ABSTRACT Formulations and design procedure for three layer suspended and non- suspended configurations of rectangular slot cut rectangular microstrip antenna have already been reported. In this paper, atruncated cornerrectangular microstrip antenna to

Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Patch Antenna using Defected Ground Structure
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Rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) using defected ground structure (DGS). A simple RMPA is designed which works at 2.4 GHz frequency. This antenna is considered as reference antenna. This antenna has bandwidth of 67 MHz. In this RMPA DGS technique

Bandwidth Improvement for Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Metamaterials
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Demand for wireless communications and portable compact wireless communications devices continues to grow, and designers everywhere are grappling with ways to make these devices smaller. One of the most important components in any wireless

Rectangular Slot Microstrip Antenna With L Shaped Ground For Ultra Wideband Applications
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Abstract:The given paper presents a compact microstrip fed rectangular monopole antenna for ultra wideband communication. The basic antenna consists of rectangular shaped slot on ground plane, which achieved UWB frequency band operation from 2.9-

Frequency Reconfigurable Triangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications
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Abstract Wireless communication has been developed widely and rapidly in the modern world especially during the last two decades. Multiband antennas are used to meet different applications in wireless communication like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Wi-MAX, WLAN and PCS.

Multiband Microstrip Antenna with Multiple Rectangular Slots
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ABSTRACT A dual polarized triple band microstrip antenna with symmetrical multiple rectangular slots has been studied. First, the rectangular patch has been fed at a fixed point and the effect is noted. Further, a symmetric plus-shaped slot has been inserted onto the

Design and Analysis of a Multiresonant Slotted Microstrip Antenna with Modified Ground Plane.
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Abstract:In this paper, a multi slotted microstrip antenna with modified slots and ground plane for multiresonant and wideband operation is designed and proposed. The designed antenna dimension is only about 48 (0.64 ) x 60 (0.8 ) mm and where,is the

TRIPLEBAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
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ABSTRACT A microstrip patch antenna is designed having symmetrical slots in four quadrants to yield triple frequency of 2.5 GHz, 3.8 GHz and 4.7 GHz using FR4 substrate having dielectric constant of 4.4. The bandwidth obtain are 250MHz, 15MHz and 140MHz

Design and Development of a Dual Patch Microstrip Antenna for Aircraft Collision Avoidance System
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(Traffic Collision Avoidance System) is an airborne system designed to increase cockpit awareness of nearby aircraft and to service as a last defense against mid-air collisions between the aircrafts. In the existing system, four monopole stub elements are used as

Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for WiMAX
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Abstract: In this paper, a small size wideband single-layer single-patch microstrip antenna is analyzed. By placing a symmetric inverted U-slot on the rectangular patch and using coaxial probe-fed the impedance bandwidth is improved to 33.31%. One of the main

Design and Development of Multiband Circular Microstrip Antenna with Resonating Slot in the Ground Plane
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Abstract-The paper proposes a frequency tuned circular microstrippatch antenna withdefective slots in the ground plane. The antenna without the ground defect resonates at 5.2 GHZ. Due to the presence of the defects introduced in the ground, the antenna

Stacked I-shaped slotted novel Microstrip Patch Antenna for GSM, IMT, WLAN, Bluetooth and WiMAX applications.
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Abstract:This paper presents a novel wideband antenna design for GSM 1800, GSM 1900, IMT, WLAN, Bluetooth and WiMAX applications with a bandwidth of 1.7128 GHz (1.2229 GHz to 2.9357 GHz). The material used for substrate is Teflon having dielectric constant of

Performance Enhancement of Modified Multiband Stacked Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication
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Abstract: This paper proposes a modified multilayer Aperture Coupled Stacked Microstrip patch antenna. The multiband Circular Polarization is achieved by corner truncation, embedding slits and introducing inclined slots. A good quality Circular Polarisation

Compact ring coupled Multi band Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna with C-Slot
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Abstract: A Compact Ring coupled rectangular microstrip antenna (RCRMA) fed by a 50 microstripline. AC shaped slot has been introduced on ring coupled rectangular microstrip antenna. The slot increases the length of the surface current for the dominant mode

Investigation of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) Microstrip Antenna for Time and Frequency Domain Characteristics
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Page 1. Investigation of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) MicrostripAntenna for Time and Frequency Domain Characteristics By Vijayashree Bhat2014. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2014.2322885 Design and Parameter study of MicrostripAntenna Frequency Domain Results Time Domain Results

Coplanar Capacitive Coupled Probe Fed Microstrip Antenna for C and X band
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Abstract: The design and simulation of a coplanar capacitive fed mirostrip antenna suspended above the ground plane is presented. The proposed antenna is excited by a single probe feed. This antenna operates in two different bands C band having frequency

Design of Six Band Microstrip Antenna
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Abstract: In this paper, design of multi-band microstrip antenna with a U-shaped slot and two linear slots with a copper post at the center has been presented. It is observed that frequency bands and gain of the antenna with copper post are increased as compared to

Performance Comparison of Microstrip Array Antenna with Single Microstrip Antenna
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Abstract:In this paper our aim is to compare single patch antenna with 1x2 array antenna on FR4. The main focus will be on optimizing the dimensions of patch antenna also maintained high gain in ISM band (2.4 GHz to 2.4835 GHz) at center frequency 2.45 GHz.

Design and comparison of 1x2 inverted diamond shaped microstrip antenna array with T and I slot having defected ground
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Abstract:The aim of this paper is to design an inverted diamond shaped microstrip antenna array with T and I slot. The defected ground structure is taken here. The results of the T slot array with defected ground and I slot with defected ground is studied and the comparison

Bandwidth Enhancement of Circularly Polarized Hexagonal Microstrip Patch Antenna using L-Cut in Patch
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Abstract Hexagonal shaped microstrip patch antenna is presented with single coaxial feed, along with L-cut in hexagonal patch to improve the impedance bandwidth and circular polarization bandwidth. The circular polarization of two antennas is obtained, for simple

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