ZigBee Wireless Soil Moisture Sensor Design for Vineyard Management System



The soil moisture level is one of the critical aspects, which controls the quality of the grapes grown in vineyards. The main objective of this research is to investigate the development of a low cost soil moisture sensor, which can be used in a ZigBee mesh network. ZigBee is a new mesh networking standard, which places emphasis on low cost sensor networks and energy conservation. The development focus for ZigBee is remote monitoring and control applications. Manufacturers are still improving their ZigBee devices and ZigBee software stacks. The ZigBee based Texas Instruments CC2430 microcontroller was selected as the wireless sensor hardware for this research. Micro climate weather station was designed to monitor the vineyard environmental data like temperature, pressure, sunlight, humidity, leaf wetness and soil moisture and temperature. The wireless soil moisture sensor is one main component of the micro climate weather station. The two probe soil moisture sensor uses the basic principle of a series fed Hartley oscillator frequency shift due to the varying dielectric constant of the soil according to the soil Volumetric Water Content (VWC). When the soil VWC increases, the dielectric constant also increases as the oscillator frequency decreases. This basic principle is used measure the soil moisture content. Both the soil moisture sensor and micro climate weather station have been developed and tested with the ZigBee mesh network topology. The soil moisture sensor was tested and calibrated, using two different soil types. This research has successfully achieved its objectives and identifies areas for future development. The third version of the micro climate weather station is under development with the focus on modular design, and a new sensor management system to improve energy conservation Click here for free

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soil stabilization with help of micropile



Paliradice (Root pile, Micro pile) Technology for Preservation of Historical Islamic Monuments in Cairo Egypt.
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the restoration of monuments, eg Ponte Vecchio in Florence in 1966 and the stabilization of the Leaning Toweras a result of the plastic adjustment of soil fabrics Clayey soils undergo consolidation settlement not only under the action of external loads (surcharge loads) but

RETICULATED REINFORCEMENT FOR HISTORIC STRUCTURE STABILIZATION
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In this case rather than soil types, masonry and mortar types, masonry hardnessWithout some form of retrofit reinforcement and stabilization, historic structures stand a significantby Dr. Fernando Lizzi provides an effective and inconspicuous method to stabilize these structures.

A STUDY ON STABILISATION OF BLACKCOTTON SOIL USING ELECTROKINETICS
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work of L. Casagrande (1930-1962) who noticed that a permanent stabilization of soil couldan effective technique for delivering, homogeneously, stabilizing agents into soils. However, the potassium ions can greatly improve soil properties due to the linkage

A Field Study on Heave Reduction of Flooring Panels Resting on Expansive Soils Using Granular Anchor Piles and Cushions
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The reduction in heave could be attributed to the mechanism of self stabilization of claySeif Eldawla, A. (1987), Design of Short Tension Piles in Expansive Soils, A Probabilisticof 9th Regional Conference for Africa on [11] Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Lagos, pp

Landslides in practice
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270 14.4 Avoidance 271 14.5 Selective Stabilization 271 14.6 Marginal Stabilization 273 Chapter 15the technical tools needed to study landslides site investigations, soil shear strength forty-five methods for stabilizing landslides or preventing instability in soils from occurring. install new beneath existing foundation components; increase support area of foundations; transfer loads onto underlying layers of soils.between underground utilities and enti- ty under construction, implemented by sinking two rows of injectors, stabilization of soil on side of

Use of Line segment slip surface for optimized design of piles in stabilization of the earth slopes
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However, in the case of two-layer soils with lower layers denser than the upper layers the best the effect of the distance between piles on factor of safety, effect of the poor soil layer on[24] proposed a new design method for micro-piles for earth slope stabilization that includes

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Only the possible soil types associated with a particular pavement layer appear Stabilization, Excavation and Replacement, Geosynthetic Reinforced Construction Platforms, and Mechanical Stabilization.were identified for both unsaturated and saturated, loose granular soils.

Lateral load tests on small-diameter piles for slope remediation
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test plan evaluated the influence of soil type on pile behavior, three soils (loess, glacialto lateral soil movement, recognizing that pile head movement that exceeds soil movement isus more fully understand and verify the load transfer mechanisms of the stabilization system, is

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Micropiles are mostly used in underpinning, seismic retrofitting of foundations, stabilization of slopes andare on rigid piles of steel, aluminum or wood either in cohesionless or clayey soils. and placed at equidistance (50mm) from micropile about 60 mm above the soil surface.

ROOT PILES IN THE USA. FONDEDILE SPA AND FONDEDILE CORP. A CHRONICLE
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of soil's skin friction, namely Reticulated Root Piles structures for soilstabilization, land slides and contain lateral stress threatening to squash tunnels constructed through expansive soils Lizzi in his design explanations, talks of The principle of soil homogenization what

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the behavior of cohesive soils. However, many studies have shown that it is very limited Page 16.components of a reinforced soil mass, which is used for stabilization and support. Thesepiles. The group effect of piles in granular soil has been studied by many researchers. The

Analysis of Building Failures at ChowdawaramSrikakulam, Andhra Pradesh
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Especially when the granular piles are used along with chemical stabilization, the soil has shown due to the proximity of river Nagavli, thus causing cyclic swelling/shrinkage in these soils.structural failure could be the swell pressure exerted by the expansive sub-soil as already

The Liquefaction Zonation of an Area of Bandar Abbas City
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Scrutiny of mechanical behavior of soil and weak soilstabilization and use of GIS in geotechnical [19] "Evaluation of liquefaction potential of clayey soils (Case StudyMoghaddas, first printing, Arses publishing, 2011 [22] "Preparation guide the estimation of soil liquefaction and

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Stabilization of expansive soils with lime and cement is an established technique but could be cost prohibitive and may not be viable in the field4. Sridharan, A, K. Revana Sidolappa (1987), "Soil ReinforcementTechnique for Control of Heave", Proc.on Expansive Soils, 1-4 Dec

Optimization of Stabilization of Highway Embankment Slopes Using Driven Piles, Phase I
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They calculated the loads assuming plastic deformation and plastic flow for hard and soft soils respectively, and perfectlypiles, is not concerned with slope soil movement.In many practical problems however, stabilization is required after slope instability has been initiated. In

Micropiles: Recent advances and future trends
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networks as technically and economically viable solutions to problems of slope stabilization, lateral loadingbond values for different rock types are significantly higher than for soils, and are 5-2, FHWA, 2000) Range of Grout-to-Ground Bond Strength (kPa) Soil/Rock Description

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[4] Petry Thomas, M. and Little Dallas, N. Review of stabilization of claysA probabilistic approach, Proceedings of 9th Regional Conference for Africa on Soil Mechanics andHari Krishna Padavala, Piled footings – An alternative foundation system in expansive soils, Journal of

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Drilling Hollow Bars Nailing and Micro piling (m) Screw Piling (n) Combined SoilStabilization (CSV) SystemThe inherent variability in the type and engineering properties of soils encountered at anycare of the handling stresses and very soft or very hard intermediate soil layers

Comparison between piled embankment and load transfer platform-rigid inclusion for soft soil
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Roadway expansion / widening Bridge approach fill stabilization Bridge abutment and other foundation supportload put by the embankment on soft foundation soil. When the conditions are embankment across soft foundation soils. Hence, it is likely to expand the approach

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