What is a Johnson counter
Johnson counter connects the complement of the output of the last shift register to its input and circulates a stream of ones followed by zeros around the ring. For example, in a 4-register counter, the repeating pattern is: 0000, 1000, 1100, 1110, 1111, 0111, 0011, 0001, so on. vlsi interview question-Re: What is a Johnson […]
Challenges at analog cmos for low vdd
Challenges at 0.5 V analog cmos The most basic way to achieve amplification with a MOS transistor is the common source configuration with an active load . The required input (gate) bias is VT +(VGS−VT) and the optimal output (drain) bias is VDD/2 for an output swing of VDD−2VDS,sat. At 0.5 V VDD two limitations […]
what is MFSK modulation
MFSK (multiple frequency shift keying), also called multi-frequency shift keying, is a method of signal modulation in which discrete audio tone bursts of various frequencies convey digital data. It was originally used by European and British government agencies in the mid 1900s. At that time it was called Piccolo, the name of the musical instrument […]