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Toxin-antitoxin systems: classification, biological function and application in biotechnology
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The toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are systems in which an unstable antitoxin inhibits a stable toxin. This review aims to introduce the TA system and its biological application in bacteria. For this purpose, first we describe a new classification for the TA systems based on how the

Impacts on US agriculture of biotechnology -derived crops planted in 2003: An update of eleven case studies
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One of the most revolutionary and promising pest management approaches in crop production is the development and use of biotechnology . By inserting genetic material from outside a plants normal genome, crop varieties have been developed to resist an array of

Lithuanian University Students Knowledge of Biotechnology and Their Attitudes to the Taught Subject.
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The impact of genetic engineering on peoples everyday life has become present reality. In order to establish the level of the available schoolchildren and university students knowledge of biotechnology , various investigations have been conducted. However, the

Study of pineapple peelings processing into vinegar by biotechnology
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This study aimed to reduce post-harvest losses of pineapple local variety egbenana by the transformation of juice into vinegar through biotechnological process. Vinegar was produced through two successive fermentations: alcoholic and acetic fermentations. The alcohol

Chrysanthemum biotechnology
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Chrysanthemum will remain an important global floricultural crop leader due to its extensive range of plant and flower colours, shape and form. Recent studies have demonstrated genotype-independent phenotypic plasticity of this ornamental crop, making it a suitable

Health biotechnology publishing takes-off in developing countries
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To gain insights into the potentials and characteristics of health biotechnology in developing countries, we carried out an analysis of health biotechnology publications in developing nations that have had some successes in this field. We analysed the patterns of health

Biotechnology in Europe: 2006 comparative study
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In addition, Critical I has undertaken some preliminary survey work on five additional Western European nations Austria, Belgium, Italy, The Netherlands, and Portugal. In these cases, we have used available primary information sources to assess on an individual

Selecting green suppliers with analytic hierarchy process for biotechnology industry
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The biotechnology industry is recognized as one of the industries of the 21st century with the most potential. The Taiwanese government accordingly has included the biotechnology industry as part of the project entitled Two-Trillion-Twin-Stars . Under current environmental

Role of nanomaterials in biotechnology
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Nanotechnology has achieved the status as one of the critical research endeavors of the early 21st century, as scientists harness the unique properties of atomic and molecular assemblages built at the nanometer scale. Our ability to manipulate the physical, chemical

Intellectual Property Rights for Agricul-tural Biotechnology : Options and Implications for Developing Countries. A Biotech-nology Research Management Study
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The last decade has seen a significant increase in the importance of biotechnology as a component of the agricultural technology system in both developed and developing countries. This has raised a number of new and specific problems to be addressed by both

A developmental German state Explaining growth in German biotechnology and venture capital
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Since the 1970s, the German Federal Ministry of Research 2 had been interested in biotechnology . Long before the German pharmaceutical companies, which were comfortable with their strong performance as pharmacy to the world, the Research Ministry

An overview of capillary electrophoresis: pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology applications
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Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an establishing separation technique of choice effective for a wide spectrum of analytes, ranging from small inorganic ions to DNA macromolecules as it provides reliable data, requires minimal sample preparation and offers a high degree ofThe availability of food supply worldwide is dependent on few crop species or major crops. Till today, only 30 plant species are used to meet 95% of the worlds food requirements. They are widely and intensively cultivated crops; and developed by extensive selection from

Biotechnology of immobilized micro algae: a culture technique for the future
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Immobilization studies on micro algae are quite recent with 70% of the studies published in the last ten years. Whereas thirty genera were tested for various technological applications, ten of them represent 80% of the whole publications; 50% of the published data concern

Glossary of biotechnology for food and agriculture: a revised and augmented edition of the Glossary of biotechnology and genetic engineering
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ACC synthase Abbreviation for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylase. The enzyme catalyses the rate limiting step in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway, and is particularly significant in the fruit ripening process. Plants typically carry a number of distinct ACC synthase genes

Oligosaccharides engineering from plants and algae: applications in biotechnology and therapeutics
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Since the last decade, newly observed functions of oligosaccharides are their ability to act as regulatory molecules on various organisms. The successful development of these compounds in future implies efficient processes for specific oligosaccharide production. For

Knowledge links in high-technology industries: Markets, Networks or Milieu The case of the Vienna biotechnology cluster
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In recent years, the innovation process in biotechnology has become a subject of major interest to scholars from different disciplines. Despite an ever growing body of work, the nature of knowledge links and their particular geography remain a highly disputed issue

Science, policy and regulation: challenges for agricultural biotechnology in developing countries
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What is the relationship between science, policy and regulation in the context of debates about the future of agricultural biotechnology This paper explores the real world of policy making and regulation surrounding agricultural biotechnology . The starting point is a view of

Plant biotechnology R D-the next ten years
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Plant biotechnology is receiving increasing attention because it is a source of innovation for the agriculture, horticulture, food, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. It provides the means to translate an understanding of, and ability to modify, the fundamental processes of

Financing the bioindustry and facilitating biotechnology transfer
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While the few years of financial difficulty in the 1990s led industry to streamline, focus, and partner in ingenious ways to survive and flourish, the public sector engaged in no major new alliances and did not pursue innovative approaches to accelerate societys use of its CSE PROJECTS

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