natural gas-fossil energy



Natural gas processing: the crucial link between natural gas production and its transportation to market
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The natural gas product fed into the mainline gas transportation system in the United States must meet specific quality measures in order for the pipeline grid to operate properly. Consequently, natural gas produced at the wellhead, which in most cases contains

Hydrates of natural gas
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Gas hydrates are clathrate physical compounds, in which the molecules of gas are occluded in crystalline cells, consisting of water molecules retained by the energy of hydrogen bonds. Gas hydrates can be stable over a wide range of pressures and temperatures. All gases can

Natural gas seepage in the Gulf of Mexico
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Hydrocarbon compositions and 613C values for methane of fourteen natural seep gases and four underwater vents in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico are reported. The C1/(C2+ C3) ratios of the seep gas samples ranged from 68 to greater than 1000, whereas 13 6PDBC

Effective kinetic inhibitors for natural gas hydrates
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Kinetic inhibition is a new means of preventing flow channel blockage by natural gas hydrates. In kinetic inhibition the system is allowed to exist within the hydrate thermodynamic stability zone, so that small crystals are stabilized without agglomerating to larger hydrate

Hydrogen generation from natural gas for the fuel cell systems of tomorrow
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In most cases hydrogen is the preferred fuel for use in the present generation of fuel cells being developed for commercial applications. O [all the potential sources of hydrogen, natural gas offers many advantages, it is widely available, clean, and can be converted to

Soil gas and related methods for natural resource exploration
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Oil and Gas Exploration Geochemical links reports bibliography Soil gas and related methods for natural resource exploration. Front Cover. Ronald W. Klusman Microseepage of Petroleum and Natural Gas . 7. Gas Seepage Soil Gas and Related Methods for Natural Resource Exploration

The future of natural gas
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* Cost curves based on 2007 cost bases. North America cost represent wellhead breakeven costs. All curves for regions outside North America represent breakeven costs at export point. Cost curves calculated using 10% real discount rate and ICF Supply Models

Correlation of natural gas by use of carbon isotopic distribution between hydrocarbon components
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The natural distribution of carbon isotopes between hydrocarbon gas components is used for (1) determining a gass maturity,(2) correlating a reservoired gas to its source,(3) correlating one reservoired gas with another, and (4) recognizing gas mixtures. Calculated

The relationship between crude oil and natural gas prices
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This paper examines the time series econometric relationship between the Henry Hub natural gas price and the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil price. Typically, this relationship has been approached using simple correlations and deterministic trends. When

Microbial alteration of subsurface natural gas accumulations
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Bacterial alteration of subsurface reservoired hydrocarbon accumulations extends into the range of the C1-C4 gaseous hydrocarbons, preferentially attacking the wet gas components in most instances. During the initial stages of bacterial gas alteration, propane seems to be

Security of European natural gas supplies
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There is renewed interest in the issue of European energy security following publication of EU and International Energy Agency (IEA) studies showing an anticipated major increase in energy import dependence over the next two decades. 1 This is particularly true for the

Palladium catalyst performance for methane emissions abatement from lean burn natural gas vehicles
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As little as 1 ppm SO, present in the exhaust of a lean bum natural gas engine strongly inhibits the oxidation of CH4 over a Pd containing catalyst. Non-methane emissions oxidation, such as C2H6. CsHs and CO, are also inhibited by low SO, concentrations, but to

Aliphatic acid anions in oil-field waters implications for origin of natural gas
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Concentrations of short-chain aliphatic acid anions (acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate) in 95 formation-water samples from 15 oil and gas fields in the San Joaquin Valley, California, and in the Houston and Corpus Christi areas, Texas, show three temperature

Water resources and natural gas production from the Marcellus Shale
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The Marcellus Shale is a sedimentary rock formation deposited over 350 million years ago in a shallow inland sea located in the eastern United States where the present-day Appalachian Mountains now stand (de Witt and others). This shale contains significantIn this introductive chapter, basic concepts concerning natural gas seepage, including the terminology typically adopted for various types of seepage, the origins of gas (microbial, thermogenic, and abiotic), and the significance and implications of gas seepage for

Hydraulic fracturing considerations for natural gas wells of the Marcellus Shale
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The issue of hydraulic fracturing has raised many concerns from the public as well as government officials. This paper will review the history and evolution of hydraulic fracturing, including environmental and regulatory considerations. Additionally, technical and

Paradoxical perceptions of problems associated with unconventional natural gas development.
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Data collected in a general population survey from a random sample of individuals in two counties located in the Barnett Shale region of Texas were used to empirically explore potentially problematic issues associated with unconventional natural gas development

Economic study on natural gas transportation with natural gas hydrate (NGH) pellets
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In view of remarkable growth of global natural gas demand and increasing geopolitical risks and concerns of naval accidents including terrorisms in this century, it is needed for us to develop diversified measures to transport natural gas economically and safely from remote

Hydrates of natural gas : a review of their geologic occurrence
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Gas hydrates are a type of inclusion compound or clathra te formed as icelike mixtures of gas and water in which gas molecules are trapped within a framework or cage of water molecules. Large quantities of natural gas (mainly methane) can be trapped in sediments in

Combustion of syngas and natural gas in a 300 W chemical-looping combustor
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Tests with syngas and natural gas were performed in a continuously operated laboratory reactor system for chemical-looping combustion (CLC). Two different nickel-based oxygen- carriers were used. The CLC system was operated successfully and high conversion of both


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