wireless sensors research papers 102


Data aggregation techniques WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK



The impact of data aggregation in wireless sensor networks
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the case of some aggregation functions because data from nearer sources may have to be held back at an intermediate node in order to be aggregated with data coming from sources that are farther away.

An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless micro sensor networks
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spreading code to ensure minimal inter-cluster interference), and the cluster head aggregates the data In this case, there will be a loss in quality by aggregating signals into a single message is transmitted over a single hop, to the cluster head, where data aggregation occurs.

Routing techniques in wireless sensor networks: a survey
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Signal processing methods can also be used for data aggregation. In cooperative routing, nodes send data to a central node where data can be aggregated and may be subject led to data-centric routing, where the BS sends queries to certain regions and waits for data from the

Power efficient data gathering and aggregation in wireless sensor networks
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station is far away from the nodes, the node that dies first is usually the one that sends aggregated and fused VI. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK In this work, we present PEDAP and PEDAP-PA, two power efficient data gathering and aggregation protocols based

Modelling data-centric routing in wireless sensor networks
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For more complicated forms of data aggregation, where the output aggregated packet depends on the this would yield an over-estimate of the energy costs, as further aggregation savings can be possible if there are redundancies in the sources and the data being requested by

Wireless sensor networks: a survey
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Realization of these and other sensor network applications require wireless ad hoc networking techniques. be forwarded to the upper levels of the command hierarchy while being aggregated with the be deployed in the target area to gather the battle damage assessment data.

Modelling data-centric routing in wireless sensor networks
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For more complicated forms of data aggregation, where the output aggregated packet depends on the this would yield an over-estimate of the energy costs, as further aggregation savings can be possible if there are redundancies in the sources and the data being requested by

Data aggregation techniques in sensor networks: A survey
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At the highest level, the leader node transmits the aggregated data to the sink. 2.2.2.1 Chain construction algorithms The effectiveness of chain based data aggregation protocols depends largely on ovals indicate sensors and the arrows indicate the direction of data transmission

Patient monitoring using infrastructure-oriented wireless LANs
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for medical care , Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications, pp.956–960. Boric-Lubecke

Context-aware sensors
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Wireless sensor networks typically consist of a large number of sensor nodes embedded in a physical space. Such sensors are low-power devices that are primarily used for monitoring several physical phenomena, potentially in remote harsh environments. Spatial and

Wireless Sensor Networks
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 Selecting the optimum sensors and wireless communications link requires knowledge of the application and problem definition. Battery life, sensor update rates, and size are all major design con- siderations.  Figure 22.6.1: Industrial application of wireless sensors

Application-specific protocol architectures for wireless networks
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A wireless micro sensor network. Each node obtains a certain view of the environ- ment. relationship between the LMS beam forming algorithm and the number of sensors whereas there is a quadratic relationship between the Maximum Power beam forming

On the many-to-one transport capacity of a dense wireless sensor network and the compressibility of its data
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 We consider a data-gathering wireless sensor network in which densely deployed sensors take periodic samples of the sensed field, and then scalar quantize, encode and transmit them to a single receiver/central controller where snapshot images of the sensed field are

Casting the wireless sensor net
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 systems. And 600 kilometers down the road at the University of California, Los Angeles, other researchers are deploying wireless sensors to gain detailed measurements of the effects of seismic waves on buildings. Still others

Scalable coordination for wireless sensor networks: self-configuring localization systems
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Codeblue: An ad hoc sensor network infrastructure for emergency medical care
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 connectivity of medical de- vices. In the hospital, data collected from wireless sensors can be relayed to fixed, wired terminals and integrated with patient records in existing hospital information systems. At a mass casualty site

Ubiquitous monitoring environment for wearable and implantable sensors (UbiMon)
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A. Patient monitoring using personal area networks of wireless intelligent sensors. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 37 (2001), 373-378.

Two-tiered wireless sensor network architecture for structural health monitoring
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 Therefore, under the above assumptions, the total number of sensors that the network can handle for real time performance is a maximum of about 2000 to 4000 sensors under current wireless data rates of 10 Mbps. However

CMOS integrated analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters
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CMOS CURRENT AMPLIFIERS; SPEED VERSUS NONLINEARITY MULTI-STANDARD CMOS WIRELESS RECEIVERS Li and

Diffusion filters as a flexible architecture for event notification in wireless sensor networks
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 By using a flock of small, inexpensive sensors with wireless communication, individual sensors can be positioned to be physically close to the objects being sensed, simplifying the signal processing problem.  Embedding the internet: wireless integrated network sensors.

On the design of a self-managed wireless sensor network
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 The interconnection of sensors through wireless communication networks, with the goal of perform- ing a larger sensing task, will revolutionize the way information is collected and processed . WSNs can be used in different applications for monitoring, tracking, coordinating

Validation of a large-scale wireless structural monitoring system on the Geumdang Bridge
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wireless structural monitoring, wireless sensors, modal analysis, system identification  To validate the performance of the proposed unit, a large-scale network of over 14 wireless sensors is installed in the

Real-time visualization of structural response with wireless MEMS sensors
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SUMMARY This study develops and investigates reliability and accuracy of wireless MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems)-type sensors for real-time seismic monitoring of bridges. The wireless capability added to the developed MEMS Sensors makes it possible to avoid

A wireless sensors network for monitoring environmental variables in a tomato greenhouse
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ABSTRACT Precision Agriculture is based on detailed information on the status of crops: for example, some of the processes like fertilization and especially crop protection require frequent updates in information. Wireless sensors, continuously acquiring data, could play

Issues in wireless structural damage monitoring technologies
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in civil structures. Such a system is now possible due to the reducing price and rapid advancement of key technologies such as sensors, microprocessors, wireless networks and integrated circuits. The important innovations

Wireless sensors: technology and cost-savings for commercial buildings
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ABSTRACT Two projects underway for the US Department of Energy Office of Building Technology, State and Community Programs, aim to adapt, test and demonstrate wireless sensors and data acquisition for heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) in

Readout unit for wireless SAW sensors and ID-tags
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ABSTRACT Today s wireless identification (ID) and sensor systems based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology permit reliable and accurate data acquisition, where wired solutions cannot be applied. In this paper we present an overview of modern concepts for wireless

The development of a wireless modular health monitoring system for civil structures
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 The computational power that is provided by an advanced microprocessor is harnessed when the wireless sensors are implemented in a structural monitoring system used for such applications as structural health monitoring and structural control.

Wireless sensor networks for battlefield surveillance
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 NBP is a distributed algorithm, which inherently leads to the reduction of wireless transmissions. However, in this work, the sensors are static, which makes the estimation tasks simpler compare to the task of tracking moving targets. In [16], Sheng et al.

Simulation-based optimization of communication protocols for large-scale wireless sensor networks
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 The hardware structure of the wireless sensors may vary greatly, but invariably each of the intelligent sensors is a compact device with its own power source, it contains a processing unit (a small microprocessor), a communication unit and the sensor itself.

Exposure in wireless sensor networks: theory and practical solutions
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 In this section, we briefly cover only the most directly related areas: sensors, wireless ad heless ad hoc sen- sor networks, the coverage problem, related sensor network problems such as location discovery and deployment, and nu- merical analysis techniques. 2.1. Sensors

Wireless chemical sensors for high temperature environments
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ABSTRACT This work reports wireless ceramic chemical sensors operating in high temperature environments. The sensors utilize a passive wireless resonant telemetry scheme to eliminate the need for on board power and exposed interconnects. An

energy consumption in WSN



A lightweight medium access protocol (LMAC) for wireless sensor networks: Reducing preamble transmissions and transceiver state switches
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Sensor-MAC The SMAC protocol [4] recognizes two phases in transceiver usage of network implemented to record the sending, receiving and standby energy consumption of the nodes. Additionally, switching between sending and receiving takes time and consumes energy.

Mobility-based communication in wireless sensor networks
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RoutingMotivated by uneven energy consumption in WSNs with sta- tionary sinks, the load balanced data transmis- sion in WSNs has been investigated in [3]. In this work the authors develop an analytical model that describes the communication load distribution in a WSN.

QoS Support in Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey.
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ESRT is a novel transport solution developed to achieve reliable event detection in WSN with minimum energy expenditure.efficient energy consumption.That applications/users have their QoS requirements sat- isfied, while ensuring an efficient resource usage, ie efficient

Improving on LEACH protocol of wireless sensor networks using fuzzy logic
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Due to the achievement in low-power digital circuit and wireless communication, many applications of the WSN are developed and already been used in habitat monitoring, military object and object tracking [1]. The energy consumption can be reduced by allowing only a

An Energy Balanced Algorithm of LEACH Protocol in WSN
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As a new information acquisition and processing technology, wireless sensor network (WSN)has aIn the process of data collection and transmission, the energy consumed by data transmissionthe first-order energy transfer model (Figure 3) that the energy consumption of data

Centralized and distributed clustering methods for energy efficient wireless sensor networks
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A WSN consists of a large number of sensor nodes as shown in Fig.1. Eachpower batteries, in order to prolong the life time of the network, low energy consumption is importantIn general, radio communication consumes the most amount of energy, which is proportional to the

Clustering algorithms for heterogeneous wireless sensor network: A survey
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energy heterogeneity because both computational heterogeneity and link heterogeneity will consume more energyto select the cluster head so that least energy is consumed, and hence SEP talks about the fairness constraint on energy consumption ie advanced node get the

An energy-efficient routing protocol using message success rate in wireless sensor networks
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II. RELATED WORK There exists much research in the field of efficient e consumption in WSN. The node chosen as a cluster head node consumes a lot of energy thanLEACH and multihop-LEACH, incur a node concentration problem and much energy consumption because

An energy aware WSN geographic routing protocol
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WSN was simulated in the presence of different factors having effect on routing protocols performance.The additional energy consumed is proportional to network sizein AODV, however, route discovery broadcast in DSR can lead to significant energy consumption especially in

An enhanced stable election protocol (SEP) for clustered heterogeneous WSN
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Clustered techniques have since been employed to optimise energy consumption in this energy Conventional protocols such as Minimum Transmission Energy (MTE) and Direct Transmission (DT) [3] doa balanced and uniformly use of the sensor's respective energies as the

A Survey on Topology issues in Wireless Sensor Network.
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some property of the communication graph, while reducing the energy consumed by nodeI. Mandoiu and A. Zelikovsky, "Symmetric Connectivity with Minimum Power Consumption in Radio K. Jamieson, H. Balakrishnan and R. Morris, "Span: An Energy-Efficient Coordination

EECDA: energy efficient clustering and data aggregation protocol for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks
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ii) All sensor nodes and the BS are stationary after deployment; (iii) The WSN consists ofcan bring three main benefits: (i) Ex- tending network lifetime: the average energy consumption for forwardingnodes to a BS will be much less than the energy consumed in homogeneous

Energy optimization of wireless sensor networks for environmental measurements
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Each sensor consumes energy from some battery source in order to perform its vitalat the same time larger penalty values to operating modes that consume more energyto operate a relatively high number of sensors and achieve lower energy consumption for communication

Lifetime maximisation of multihop WSN using cluster-based cooperative MIMO scheme
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Similarly, the energy consumed by J receiving cooperative nodes to transmit data to theand the performance of the system is evaluated to minimise the energy consumption and increasethe LEACH protocol consumes more energy and has shorter lifetime of 7000 rounds due

Coding for energy efficient multihop wireless sensor networks
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Assuming a variable transmission power mode the energy consumed in sending a packet from the nth node to the sink (using aThe following numerical analysis has been carried out to study the effects of coding on the energy consumption of a multi hop WSN scenario.

Energy consumption in random cluster head selection phase of WSN
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Abstract. In a hierarchal and random cluster head selection protocol of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) the energy consumed in the cluster head setup phase has been taken ostensibly in the previous research works. In this paper this area of the protocol has been

Energy management for wireless sensor network nodes
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7. REDUCE THE POWER CONSUMED BY THE SENSING TASK The less area a sensor covers, the lower the amount of energy it consumes. The application determines the frequency of the sensing activity, but there is still an opportunity to reduce power consumption by the

An novel energy balanced dynamic routing protocol based on probability in wireless sensor networks
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The receiving energy consumption[17] isWhere Eelec is the energy /bit consumed by the sender and receiver electronics, J/bi t,ing distance and d 4 is directly proportional for longer dista nce, so we ca n see t he directly sending to long distance is consumed more energy

Wireless sensor networks for commercial lighting control: decision making with multi-agent systems
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generated in the US is for commercial buildings, and lighting consumes 40% of thisan intelligent, economical solution for reducing energy costs and overall societal energy usage while improvingperceived by the agent; E is a function of the energy consumption resulting from

Security vulnerabilities in wireless sensor networks: A survey
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There is a conflicting interest between minimization of resource consumption and maximization ofindividual protocol layers might provide redundant security services, and hence consume more WSN to disrupt the operation of the network by broadcasting a high-energy signal.

Medium access control with coordinated adaptive sleeping for wireless sensor networks
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S-MAC includes approaches to reduce energy consumption from all the sources of energy waste thatdisadvantage is that these border nodes have less time to sleep and consume more energy It is a significant waste of energy, especially when node density is high and traffic

Wireless sensor networks: a survey
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range communication with low radiation power (~0 dbm), transmission and reception energy costs are control oscillators, phase locked loops (PLL) and power amplifiers, all consume valuable poweronly consider the active power but also the start-up power consumption in the

Cluster-head election using fuzzy logic for wireless sensor networks
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These applications demand the usage of various equipment including cameras, acoustic tools and sensors measuringThus it leads to overall high energyconsumption in the network for other nodes toIn this approach energy is spent to transmit the location information of all the

Energy-efficient surveillance system using wireless sensor networks
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None of them consider energy consumption in activities other than sensing Energy Efficiency: MICA2 operates on a pair of batteries that approximately supply 2200 mAh at 3VIt consumes 20mA if running a magnetic sensing ap- plication continuously which leads to a lifetime of

Instrumenting the world with wireless sensor networks
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To keep the required beacon density and energies low, a preferred method would be to jointly estimateWhen off, the node power consumption can be reduced to microwatts.to re-synch only to within some very coarse accuracy, and then spend significant energy in achieving

An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks
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The main goal in our MAC protocol design is to reduce energy consumption, while supporting good scalability andThe dis- advantage is that these border nodes have less time to sleep and consume more energy thanFigure 5 shows the percentage of energy savings Es vs.

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